以上可见 specifications2 主要用于技术上的需要,标准和规范,而 norms 主要用于行为准则,规范。下面 各例都是 指技术规范,都用 specifications 。
例 1 :
原文:
中国储备粮管理总公司直属企业、中央储备粮代储企业(以下统称承储企业)储存中央储备粮,应当严格实行国家有关中央储备粮管理的行政法规、规章、国家标准和 技术规范 ,与中国储备粮管理总公司根据有关行政法规、规章、国家标准和 技术规范 拟定的各项业务管理规范。
参考译文 :
The enterprises directly subordinated to the China Grain Reserves Corporation and the enterprises entrusted3 with the storage of grain reserves of the central people s government shall, in the storage of grain reserves of the central people s government, strictly4 comply with the administrative5 regulations, rules, national standards and technical specifications on the administration of grain reserves of the central people s government, and with the various business management systems formulated6 by the China Grain Reserves Corporation in accordance with the relevant administrative regulations, rules, national standards and technical specifications .
例 2:
原文:
Specification1 means the specification of the Works included in the Contract and any modification7 thereof or addition thereto under Clause 51 or submitted by the Contractor8 and approved by the Engineer.
参考译文:
规范 是指合同规定的工程 规范 ,与任何依据第 51 条或由承包人提出并经工程师批准的对 规范 的修改或增补。
6 .关于 但、但 的译法:
法律条文中的 但、但 不可以按 不 字面意思,译成 but ,这种译法意思并不准确。按 重神似 的原则,应把 但、但 内在含义译出。法律条文总是在同一个条文中对某事作了规定后,需要作进一步规定时,在语气上常常用但但等词表转折,然而,法律条文中的但但,并非大家平时意义中的但,是法律上的进一步规定之意,法律英语中,大家常用 provided that , provided also that, provided however that 或 provided further that 来表示。在美国的法律文件中一般在 provided 和 that 之间用 逗号逗开 ,写成: provided , that ; provided , also , that ; provided , however , that 或 provided , further , that 来表示,这类词组都表示但规定,进一步规定但等意。
例 1 :
原文:
受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺,根据一般情形可以准时到达要约人, 但 因其他缘由承诺到达要约人时超越承诺期的,除要约人准时公告受要约人因承诺超越期限不同意该承诺的以外,该承诺有效。
原译文:
If the offeree dispatches the acceptance within the time limit for acceptance which can reach the offeror in due time under normal circumstance, but the acceptance reaches the offeror beyond the time limit because of other reasons, the acceptance shall be effective, except that, the offeror informs the offeree promptly9 that it does not accept the acceptance because it exceeds the time limit for acceptance.
Notes:
译文中的 but 显然是按字面的意思译出,按重神似的原则,应译成 provided that 。把译文的其他错误改正,此句可改为:
参考译文:
When, within the time limit for acceptance, the offeree dispatches the acceptance, the acceptance in question will, in normal circumstances, reach the offeror in time. Provided that if , because of other reasons , the acceptance reaches the offeror beyond the time limit, the acceptance shall remain effective, except that, the offeror promptly informs the offeree that the offeror in question refuses to accept the acceptance because the time limit for acceptance has exceeded.
例 2 :
原文:
The accounts of every such public corporation heretofore or hereafter created shall be subject to the supervision of the state comptroller, or, if the member or members of such public corporation are appointed by the mayor of a city, to the supervision of the comptroller of such city; provided, however , that , this provision shall not apply to such a public corporation created pursuant to agreement or compact with another state or with a foreign power, except with the consent of the parties to such agreement or compact